Arranged Marriage Essays - Marriage, Arranged Marriage, Dowry

Masterminded Marriage Masterminded marriage is an idea that doesn't outweigh everything else in the United States, where love relationships are generally well known. In this introduction we will investigate the purposes behind organized relationships and take a gander at the procedure that goes on. Our gathering will likewise relate this point to such anthropological terms, for example, settlement and joint family framework. We will likely help other people comprehend that regardless of how unique orchestrated relationships may appear to Americans, they love, reproduce and bolster each other perhaps more effectively than our adoration relationships. Before digging into the intrcacies of the procedure of organizes relationships we will characterize our terms with the goal that understudies will realize how to relate them when they hear them in our introduction. Banners will go about as our visual guide so as to clarify such terms as swamber which actually implies groom searches out his lady:. Different terms such incorporate settlement which is the installment of the woman;s legacy at the hour of her marriage, either to her or her better half. This share ordinarily helps pay for the wedding service, paid for the most part by her folks. One significant piece of a masterminded marriage is the noteworthiness of the center man, who is normally a center lady. She might be a family companion or an auntie of the individual to be hitched. This relational arranger completely investigates the pasts and notorieties of the planned lady or lucky man to discover whatever may not be affirmed by the family. This is typically done by listening in on others' conversations by family members and companions who know the individual. There are three principle qualities that the arbiter searches for : the young lady or kid's societal position, their training level and their physical appearance. After these characteristics have been favors by the two families, the two may meet in the event that they don't as of now have any acquaintance with one another. On the off chance that they concur they might want to be hitched, the wedding may continue when after fourteen days or as late as a couple of years. There are five functions that are a piece of the wedding. The first is mungi which is the commitment. The second is the lady of the hour's mendhi. In this service the lady and her family members paint their hands with henna paint and celebrate by moving. The main men permitted are the man of the hour and his procession.The third function is the husband to be's mendhi. It is equivalent to the lady's mendhi however this time the lucky man's companions and family members are celebrating and the lady of the hour and her parade are there. Not all mendhies are discrete, some are commended together. Nikah is the official day of the wedding. The papers are marked and everybody on the lady of the hour's side is very serious. This is the principal day she will be away from her family and become an individual from her husbands.The last service is the Valima which is the gathering. This is masterminded and paid for by the husband to be's folks. Orchestrated relationships are altogether different from the Western thought of marriage however it's profoundly imbedded in the way of life. Young ladies are trained that marriage starts things out and love comes after. A larger number of times than not, guardians tune in to the attributes that their kids might want in a mate. Youngsters are permitted to have love relationships and they are common in the metropolitan territories of India however orchestrates relationships despite everything make up 95% of the relationships. Separation is exceptionally uncommon in India and convey a negative social shame with them. In present day times the Internet has likewise changed the customary effects of an orchestrated marriage. Instead of experience a center man, youngsters essentially take a gander at profiles on the net and set up gatherings themselves. Regardless of how they meet, the thought is to unite similar families with the objective to sustain the ancestry Social Issues Essays

On the defense of sweatshops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On the guard of sweatshops - Essay Example Besides, sweatshops assume a significant job in the financial improvement in the nations they are situated in. Most global enterprises exploit the low work costs in creating nations basically out of good marketing prudence. The benefits created by these organizations are, notwithstanding, used to inspire neighborhood networks. For instance, it is entirely expected to discover an organization building water purging plants in networks where they are found. A model is given in the article by Stefan Spath who features how multinationals in Mexico assisted with improving the conditions in the maquiladora towns. Through such activities, organizations contribute fundamentally to the development of the economies of the nations they are situated in. Sweatshops permit these organizations to acquire higher benefits that are later used to build up the nation. Third, in the article by Spath, the writer further notes that the modest work gave by those working in sweatshops permits the organization s to sell the last items at generally low costs. This is valuable to the buyers situated in various pieces of the world. At long last, this bodes well to both the organization and the buyer. At last, the trade between the laborer and the organization is commonly advantageous. While it has been legitimately contended that sweatshops pay their laborers' low wages, many have neglected to see this dependent on the financial states of these nations. In a significant number of the creating nations, sweatshops give the absolute best wages contrasted with different occupations.

Skype the Perfect Freemium Model Essay Example

Skype the Perfect Freemium Model Paper The ideal FREEMIUM model 11/24/2010 Petra Sanyova BCi08: fifth semester: e-Marketing The Freemium Model The term freemium is a begat term, got from words ‘free’ and ‘premium’. This term represents a growing plan of action where organizations are making benefits from offering premium items to a little level of their complete clients. Despite the fact that most of the clients isn't paying anything for the item, organizations despite everything has plausibility to be exceptionally gainful, and they normally are. The business where just 5-10% of clients create income couldn't run productively under conventional conditions. The change was brought about by various developments in the field of advanced creation, just as web circulation. Because of these innovative advances, organizations can duplicate and convey free items to numerous clients at extremely low expenses. Skype â€Å"Skype is programming that empowers the world’s discussions. † Millions of individuals make video or voice calls, send texts and offer documents through this program. Most of them do as such with no charge by any means. The main essential, to have the option to utilize this product, is that the two gatherings who might want to impart need to have the program introduced and running. Skype was set up in 2003, with its central command being in Luxemburg. Its authors Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis are as yet halfway proprietors along with financial specialist bunch drove by Silver Lake (that additionally possesses eBay), the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board and Andreessen Horowitz. Since the foundation †the main rendition of the program, Skype never halted to develop is as yet presenting new updates, highlights and so forth. We will compose a custom exposition test on Skype the Perfect Freemium Model explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Skype the Perfect Freemium Model explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Skype the Perfect Freemium Model explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer With regards to its locale, the Skype transformed from a little obscure program into a program utilized every day by a large number of individuals with numerous highlights. Recently everyone is dazzled with the quantity of Facebook clients; in any case toward the finish of year 2009, Skype had 160 million more enlisted clients than Facebook, which in numbers is 560 million. As per the quarterly updates the organization issues, it included 39 million enlisted clients in the last quarter of 2009 as it were. This represents 6% development rate in the development period of the item! 36. billion minutes of Skype-to-Skype calls were recorded in these most recent three months of 2009, adding to get 250 billion minutes of these calls recorded generally. Still in 2009 just, this number represented 12% of the world’s global calls. Around 23 million clients are signed into Skype at its pinnacle times. (I am signed in similarly as a compose this paper. ) Skype is global programming, offer ed in 29 dialects and utilized nearly in each and every nation of the world. Skype offers an assortment of highlights to every one of its clients, with the primary component being Skype-to-Skype calls for nothing out of pocket. To improve the customers’ experience while calling, it presented numerous extra highlights as: meeting calling, video calling and gathering video calling. Also Skype is successfully utilized for texting and sharing different records; screen sharing included. One of the most recent presented highlights is called ‘Facebook News Feed and Phonebook’ which empowers clients to call companions legitimately from a Facebook News Feed and Phonebook in Skype. In spite of the fact that this everything is offered by Skype to its clients for nothing, it doesn't demonstrate company’s silliness. Because items are free, doesn't mean organizations are not gainful. Google is an incredible case of this; and anyway somewhat extraordinary, Skype is also. The fact of the matter is to expand the great perspective on a market from just two gatherings (purchaser and vender) to more gatherings, from which just hardly any trade cash. The most widely recognized model is the three-party framework. The outsider pays to take part in the framework, the initial two made by a free trade between one another. The accomplishment of charging nothing for something lies in comprehension of the mental hole between ‘almost zero’ and ‘zero’. As the various individuals are expected to make the earth, for others to pay for, it is fundamental to pull in whatever number individuals as could be allowed. While the expenses are inconsequential and free is a word speaking to nearly everyone, parting with the item to 90% of clients is sensible. The rest 10% at that point comprise of the clients who settled on a top notch record and they create incomes. Pareto guideline applies This is the situation of Skype as well. The outsider comprises of the top notch clients, who are really paying for extra highlights accessible in premium records. This gathering of clients records to 6% of its every single dynamic client producing more than 777 million dollars per year. The extra highlights, they are then empowered to utilize are: Skype-to-landlines/mobiles, phone message, call sending, call move and content informing. The client likewise gets his/her own online number so the landlines/mobiles-to-Skype calls are then additionally conceivable. Skype explicit achievement can be licensed not exclusively to the good thought that is making people’s lives simpler, however to the manner in which its whole plan of action is set up: [ 1 ]. SKYPE plan of action Accomplices:- Phone makers Online Platforms| Key exercises:- Software improvement Integration with new stages Marketing| Value suggestion:- Free VoIP and video calling-Internet based communication| Relationships:- Appreciative client base-Thanks to free download-Automated with online profiles| Customers:- Not fragmented| | Key assets:- Software-Brand| | Distribution and procurement channels: Online| | Cost structure:- Very low upkeep cost-Software development| Revenue streams/evaluating:- Sale of complimentary things 7-8% change rate from free| Also, no contention there, that it is set up splendidly. End Skype, along with Flickr and LinkedIn, is one of the best organizations, working under the freemium model. As was at that point referenced, Skype utilizes three-party model, in which the Pareto guideline applies †little level of a clients pay to get a top notch, taking care of the expense of most of clients not charged and as yet creating the incomes. The explanation behind this is the very nearly zero support cost, on account of innovative progressions. For individuals to buy the top notch accounts is significant that the framework made is steady and huge enough, thus Skype is doing incredible occupation in drawing in these fundamental clients. By giving the program for nothing and refreshing it normally it doesn't make just enormous client base, however a grateful one. As Skype is a program, which with its highlights, benefits the standard clients and conceivably set aside them cash †this gathering is grateful. Being grateful for Skype implies being steadfast and having by and large inspirational perspectives towards the brand; which is another enormous resource of Skype. These days it represents a worldwide brand, which is broadly perceived. On the off chance that organization can keep up the change proportion, stay well known and hand off the potential strings from new contenders or media transmission organizations; its maintainability of the freemium model can be demonstrated.

Understanding Personality In Order To Improve Communication

Understanding Personality In Order To Improve Communication New Britain Oils is a Palm Oil producer who has some expertise in completely supportable Palm Oil. The association is an auxiliary of New Britain Palm Oil Limited which has been around since the 1980s. The association comprises of various site over the globe with the primary ranches developing in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands covering 82,000 hectares and utilizing more than 10,000 specialists. There are just two processing plant, one in Papua New Guinea and the second is in Liverpool. Liverpool is the main site outside of Australasia and had an initial business include of 26 of every 2010, this number as of now remains at 78 out of 2016. The Liverpool Refinery opened in 2010 beginning with mass oil gracefully into 28 ton street big haulers. In 2012 the Packing Facility was opened, this plant changes over a portion of the mass oil into modern margarine and other bread kitchen fats. Since opening in 2010 New Britain Oils is presently the main provider of feasible Palm Oil in the UK. With the quick development of the Liverpool site came an expansion in representatives and unavoidably the dynamic of the workplace changed with it. A few representatives left the association, who have since been supplanted, and new divisions have been made to adapt to the development of the business. Thusly this unsteadiness has influenced the profitability in certain zones. This issue couldve been exacerbated by the supervisory crews inability to perceive this variety and respond in like manner. Acquiring new laborers will get varying mental inclinations and as indicated by Jung (1971) inclinations impact our selection of vocations, perspectives, connections, and work propensities. Richard L. Hughes et al. (2015) expressed that our inclinations assume a job in the trademark and special ways we carry on from everyday. Thus, could expanding the administration attention to their groups singular inclinations advance better connections, through improved correspondence, inside the associa tion? Mary Uhl-Bien and George B. Graen (1995) found that more excellent Leader-Member Exchange connections have extremely positive results for pioneers, adherents, work units, and the association all in all, a similar research additionally found that the improvement of Leader-Member Exchange connections is impacted by qualities and practices of pioneers and individuals. This task will initially diagram what can influence the adequacy of a pioneer and why expanding the estimation of connections could build the viability of a pioneer. Utilizing existing exploration it will take a gander at why correspondence is a pivotal apparatus for a pioneer and how a comprehension of how contrasting character types cooperate, want to get data and what drives their choice making,â can empower pioneers to impart more effectively.â A perceived mental test will be utilized to accumulate information about the mental inclinations of a portion of the workers across various territories of the business with the goal being to distinguish potential contrasts in inclinations. The general point of the exploration is to build the supervisory crews consciousness of a portion of the contrasting character types inside their specialty and comprehend the contrasts between these sorts. The aim is to instruct the supervisory crew and offer them the chance to adjust their initiativ e style to advance better quality connections through a superior comprehension of the people inside their group. Writing Review Administration Administration has been the subject of research for quite a while. Consumes (1978) expressed that because of its significance in human gatherings, the idea of administration is one of the authoritative themes that have most interests analysts for quite a long time. Subsequently, endeavors to characterize administration have end up being a vague. Initiative as basically an intricate type of social critical thinking (Miller and Ross 1975), authority is coordinating and organizing crafted by bunch individuals (McCall Jnr et al. 1988), initiative is making conditions for a group to be viable (Reason and Mycielska 1982). Powell and Pirsico (fire up. ed. 2003) characterized authority as the way toward affecting a sorted out gathering toward achieving its objectives. The entirety of the definitions expressed have an association which is the reference to a gathering or group. This infers authority would not exist without people to lead. The definitions point by point show the variety in ideas of administration and this is reflected in the examination. Some authority specialists have concentrated on the pioneer devotee relationship and Geoff Thomas et al. (2013) expressed that the explanation we center around the pioneer devotee relationship is on the grounds that examination shows that the nature of this relationship is dependably connected to adherent prosperity and execution. Different scientists, for example, John Adair, took a gander at how the circumstance can influence the manner in which pioneers act. Adair recognized that authority is influenced by three things. The undertaking, the group and the individual and pioneers need to adjust their time similarly between the three zones and at specific occasions one of the territories will rule, yet as time goes on an equalization would be accomplished (John Adair 1982). Figure 1. shows John Adairs idea of activity focused administration. In various circumstances the circles will cover various sums indicating which the predominant factor is. Figure 1. John Adair (1982) Specialists have examined the practices of the pioneer and what practices are related with a successful pioneer. Administration is earned and it isn't allowed by job or transitional experience (Lloyd l. Sederer 2012) and through our cooperations people continue the impact of authority and we decipher it despite the fact that we may not know that we do as such (Kempster and Parry 2011). This implies pioneers could be set up by showing a particular arrangement of practices which supporters partner with an influential position. Research shows that there are practices that can be credited to a viable pioneer. These are known as The Six Cs of Leadership Credibility (Bamford, 2016) Figure 2. David Bamford (2016) Correspondence would fall under the Character umbrella and assumes a significant key job in each business. The nature of the correspondence can be influenced by the connection between two people and a key component of the nature of the relationship is the cooperation between the characters. Various characters and give out data in various manners and how this data is deciphered can influence the nature of the communication.â Leaders who have quiet miens and don't assault or disparage others for bringing terrible news are bound to get total and auspicious data from subordinates than are managers who have dangerous tempers and a notoriety for murdering the delegate (Hughes et al. 2015). Character Numerous hypotheses have been created to disclose what makes people act the manner in which they act and why they act diversely to others. The term character is among the most exhaustive of those in the clinicians jargon, explanation of its undertone as per the general inclination of a larger part, even of therapists, is troublesome (John K. McCreary 1960). This view starts to clarify the scope of conclusions with regards to what character intends to individuals. McCreary proceeds to portray some the definitions as exploratory, calling for analysis and welcoming understanding. This conviction is very questionable as all definitions would fall under one of those three classifications. Robert Hogan (1991) had an alternate methodology and he expressed that the term character is genuinely questionable and has at any rate two very various implications as opposed to a definition. The primary significance infers that character is the impression an individual makes on others. The subsequent significance is more subtle and focusses more on the inconspicuous procedures inside an individual which clarifies why we carry on the manner in which we act. These inside procedures have been arranged as qualities by certain specialists. Character characteristics as helpful ideas for clarifying why individuals act reasonably reliably starting with one circumstance then onto the next (Hughes et al. 2015). Attributes are qualities or propensities which are explicit to a person. Attributes can have one of two results, for example, extroversion and inner-directedness be that as it may, people are not classified into one these qualities but instead they sit on a scale which may show an inclination towards one of the two resistances. On the off chance that we endeavor such scaling, we ought to recall that we are probably going to compel characters unnaturally fitting them into one shape (Allport and Odbert 1936) Gordon Allport and Henry Odbert were scholars the possibility of qualities and attribute names. They investigated two far reaching word references and distinguished 17,953 attribute names in the English language. They decreased the rundown down to 4500 descriptive words. They revealed that the newness of an enormous extent of the quality names in our rundown demonstrates that our down to earth jargon is lacking to the undertaking of speaking to the intricate marvels of human instinct (Allport and Odbert 1936). They orchestrate the characteristics into a chain of importance of three: Cardinal Traits the predominant characteristic Focal Traits general qualities Auxiliary Traits not self-evident, for example, perspectives Raymond Cattell further investigated the work finished by Allport and Odbert by taking the rundown of 4500 modifiers and lessening it down to 171 by expelling all the equivalent words. Cattell was the first to gather information with respect to character characteristics. The result of the information he gathered permitted him to think of 16 character factors which he used to concoct an evaluation called the 16PF. This was one of the principal endeavors to gauge character. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Estimating character is troublesome in light of the fact that character can't be seen yet some brain research specialists have contrived instruments that can be utilized to give results inferable from a people mental inclinations. The most comm

Using the PHP Function to Find When a File Was Modified

Utilizing the PHP Function to Find When a File Was Modified In the event that your site contains time-touchy data or regardless of whether it doesnt-you might need to show the last time a document was adjusted on the site. This gives clients an exact thought of how forward-thinking the data on a page is. You can naturally draw this data from the document itself utilizing the ​filemtime() PHP work. The filemtime() PHP work recovers the Unix timestamp from the document. The date work changes over the Unix timestamp time. This timestamp shows when the document was last changed. Model Code to Display File Modification Dateâ At the point when you utilize this code,â replace myfile.txt with the real name of the record you are dating.​ ?php/yields myfile.txt was last changed: December 29 2002 22:16:23. $filename myfile.txt; if (file_exists($filename)) {â â echo $filename was last altered: . date (F d Y H:i:s., filemtime($filename)); } ? Different Uses for Filemtime() Function Notwithstanding time-stepping web articles, the filemtime() capacity can be utilized to choose all articles more established than a predetermined time to erase every old article. It can likewise be utilized to sort articles by age for different purposes. The capacity can prove to be useful when managing program reserving. You can drive the download of a changed variant of a template or page utilizing the filemtime()â function. Filemtime can be utilized to catch the alteration time of a picture or other record on a remote site. Data on Filemtime() Function The resultsâ of the filemtime() work are reserved. Theâ clearstatcache() work clears the cache.If the filemtime () work comes up short, the code returns bogus.

Exemplification essay on Stereotypes of an American Male in a european

Embodiment on Stereotypes of an American Male in an european counrty - Essay Example Asian Americans are generalized as compliant, Math or business wizards, dark Americans are either hooligans or strict enthusiasts who are acceptable in b-ball and rapping, Latino Americans are languid and reliant on social government assistance, and white Americans are forceful, uproarious mouthed, stooping, savage people. Asian Americans are frequently delineated in the media as agreeable. For example, when talking with different races, they don't look at them without flinching and will in general bow down. Asian Americans are likewise depicted as Math wizards. They regularly wear enormous glasses and exceed expectations in Mathematics. They are often respect understudies and are seriously grade-cognizant. Moreover, Asian Americans are depicted as specialists. They either have eateries or drug stores. A significant number of them become rich working together. It very well may be seen that these generalizations are commonly positive contrasted with other ethnic American generalizations. Dark Americans are appeared in the media as either hooligans or strict devotees. The youthful dark male is frequently a lawbreaker or adolescent reprobate. In TV appears, they are boisterous mouthed and don't exceed expectations in their investigations like Asian Americans. Some of the time, dark guys are likewise appeared as strict radicals singing church songs and going to strict administrations constantly. Dark men are likewise generalized as great in ball and rapping. Individuals here and there naturally accept that they have Michael Jordans qualities going through every single dark man. These generalizations are commonly adverse and center a lot around the athletic skills of dark individuals. Latino Americans are as often as possible generalized as languid. The media shows them as getting a charge out of breaks and gatherings. It appears that everything they do is have a great time and that they can't concentrate on being beneficial. The media likewise delineates Latinos as subject to government assistance. Once more, this is a negative generalization that involves their apathy and absence of inspiration in their lives. Like

Do College Admissions Officers Check Social Media

Students Need to Mindful About What They Post Online A recent survey of college admissions officers found that 25% of admissions officers have checked out an applicant’s social media profile in order to learn more about them. Since this number has dwindled in recent years, do students really need to worry about colleges admissions officers looking at their online profiles? In short – yes, students need to be mindful about what they post online. While attitudes about social media in admissions have shifted over the years, 57% of admissions officers still think social media profiles are â€Å"fair game† to visit. Admissions officers can’t check up on every applicant that comes across their desk, but there’s still a chance they might look you up. So what can students to do improve their online presence? Use the â€Å"Grandma Test†Our online college counselors say, f you wouldn’t want your grandma to see it, don’t post it! This goes without saying but often it’s good to remind students to avoid posting photos or anything that promotes illegal behavior, like underage drinking or drug use. Also avoid offensive memes or posts. Even private messages are fair game if someone sends screenshots of your bad behavior to admissions offices. Just ask the admitted Harvard students who had their acceptances rescinded after screenshots of their private messages with offensive and racist memes were sent to the admissions office. But Practice Good Privacy HabitsDon’t want people having access to all your profiles? Keep them private. Set appropriate privacy settings so that not just anyone can see your photos or posts. Again, this doesn’t mean you can still engage in â€Å"bad behavior† behind privacy settings, but it’s a good practice so that you’re not sharing any personal information with strangers. Admissions officers know that students these days are much savvier online and know how to hide their profiles or even might have fake ones, so they won’t go out of their way to expose your private profiles as they do respect privacy. However, understanding what you post and who can see it is a good practice not just for college admissions but for life in general. This also includes also being mindful of your â€Å"friends† list. Highlight Your Interests on Your ProfilesUse your social media to highlight your interests! If your main interest is photography, create a public Instagram to share your photo projects and include that link in your applications where appropriate. If you’re heavily involved in music, create a YouTube channel with your recitals and share that with admissions officers. There are a lot of ways to use social media to your advantage during the admissions process and help admissions officers to learn more about you and your interests. Social media is a part of everyday life so admissions officers don’t want to crawl the web looking for something negative on applicants, but it can be a useful tool when researching schools and highlighting your interests in new and fun ways. Remember to be mindful about your posts and privacy settings, avoid engaging in bad or offensive behavior online, and find ways to use social media to your advantage when applying to college!

Writing Persuasive Essays For Grade 6

Writing Persuasive Essays For Grade 6Writing persuasive essays for grades 6 needs a lot of skills, particularly with respect to topic selection. You must make sure that you are writing in a way that will catch the attention of your readers, that they will be drawn into what you have to say, and that they will be interested enough to want to read further.The first thing you need to do when you are preparing your persuasive essay topics for grades 6 is to take a few minutes to assess what you do best. For instance, if you are the type of person who likes to talk about little things, you can probably write about small details or minor details. You can even write about science experiments, politics, or anything else you know a lot about.When you are first planning your persuasive essay topics for grades 6, you should always take some time to think about what topic would bring the most information out of your readers. For instance, you might consider writing about just how wonderful a pas t event was, or why it was something that really mattered to a particular person. If you can use that information to improve your writing, then you are on the right track.With persuasive essay topics for grades 6, you also need to think about what other people are talking about these days. Are they talking about why they dislike certain people, or about an issue that is bothering them?When you are preparing your persuasive essay topics for grades 6, you need to consider the people who read your work. People's opinions about certain things are often influenced by personal biases and emotions, and so, you need to try to play with their emotions as well.If you are writing in this particular subject area, you will most likely see some important persuasive essay topics for grades 6 in the way people discuss issues of race, religion, politics, or anything else related to culture and race. So, you should keep that in mind as you are working through your writing.Finally, when you are writin g your persuasive essay topics for grades 6, you need to do a bit of research. You need to find out what people are talking about these days, and you need to understand their viewpoints.

Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad And Things Fall Apart...

Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe both focus on the subject of colonialism and imperialism during the Scramble for Africa, however, Achebe’s novel is a direct response to the racism and the incomplete picture of Africa that Conrad creates. Heart of darkness is a story of Marlow, a steamboat captain, who witnesses the harsh treatment of the natives by the Belgian as he travels down the Congo River. Things Fall Apart tells of Okonkwo and his life in Nigeria and the troubles the Ibo tribe faced as they were colonized by Europeans. While Conrad lumps together African culture as a single â€Å"dark† mass Achebe transforms this notion in Things Fall Apart by differentiating the Ibo tribe in Nigeria. Conrad’s description of the native Africans comes from the point of a colonizer who spends a majority of the book on a steamboat with the Congo River and a vast jungle separating him from the subjects of which he speaks of. His primitive, and what some believe to be racists description of Congolese is one of Achebe’s main concerns with the novel. â€Å"I had to look after the savage who was fireman. He was an improved specimen; he could fire up a vertical boiler. He was there below me, and, upon my word, to look at him was as edifying as seeing a dog in a parody of breeches and a feather hat, walking on his hindlegs†(Conrad 13). Using words such as â€Å"savages† and comparing them to dogs gives a negative and animalistic view of the people. Conrad neverShow MoreRelatedMisogyny in Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1129 Words   |  5 Pagesprime between 1840 and 1920. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things F all Apart by Chinua Achebe, two stories based in Africa, show different points of misogyny, the first being from the time of women’s suffrage, and the latter being after the women’s suffrage movement. The value, view, and role of women was undermined greatly in these two novels. Heart of Darkness was published in 1902, deep in with time of the women’s suffrage movement. The author, Joseph Conrad, wrote this novella with aRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad vs. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1476 Words   |  6 PagesHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe are two novellas written to make a statement about the struggles of early societies. Both stories stir up moments of hope, anger, disappointment, despair, and enlightenment in an attempt to inform the reader of the injustices and societal differences during the 1800’s. Heart of Darkness tells the story from a European Colonist perspective while Things Fall Apart illustrates the outlook of the African tribe member being colonizedRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart And Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness932 Words   |  4 PagesThis is apparent in the work of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Achebe gives a personal account of African life, culture, and customs in his book. He grew up in Nigeria, solidifying the reality that his take on their culture is the most natural, the one that will hit home. Also, since Achebe grew up surrounded by the culture so it is something intimately familiar to him. On the other hand, Joseph Conrad’s book Heart of Darkness makes Africa into a wild and savageRead MoreOpposing Viewpoints of Africa in Two Short Stories: Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Achebe’s Things Fall Apart623 Words   |  3 Pagesopinions will be present, as proven in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. These literary works reveal opposing viewpoints of Africa through the use of literary and stylistic devices. The natural, primitive society is portrayed using sensory detail, imagery, and diction, which in turn reveal the authors’ different attitudes. Through his use of arrogant diction and vivid imagery, Conrad establishes a superior tone, while Achebe incorporates words with peaceful connotationsRead MoreThings Fall Apart And Heart Of Darkness Analysis910 Words   |  4 PagesApproach to Compare Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart with Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness In everyday life, we are always comparing, even subconsciously with even knowing it. When we compare things, we look at what the similarities are in said items such as a popular brand or a generic one. Comparing things such as two literary works, Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, and, Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, both have a lot of similarities that we will look at. In Things Fall Apart, it is aboutRead More Things Fall Apart Contradicts Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Heart of Darkness1750 Words   |  7 PagesChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Contradicts Stereotypes in Conrads Heart of Darkness In An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness, Chinua Achebe criticizes Joseph Conrad for his racist stereotypes towards the continent and people of Africa. He claims that Conrad propagated the dominant image of Africa in the Western imagination rather than portraying the continent in its true form (1793). Africans were portrayed in Conrads novel as savages with no language other than gruntsRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart1346 Words   |  6 Pagespre-colonial period. Things Fall Apart is a novel worth reading because it’s eye opener for those with not-very-positive stereotypes of the continent. In fact, it has been said that Things Fall Apart was written as a response to another novel, The Heart of Darkness. This is because in the latter novel, Africa was viewed in a darker light compared to the former novel. Thus, it’s natural that there will be differences and similarities between the two novels. However, assumi ng that Things Fall Apart being writtenRead More Colonization and Wealth in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart1627 Words   |  7 PagesWealth in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart The novels Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe share a common theme; both deal with the colonization of Africa by settlers from Europe. When one examines the motives for this imperialist attitude in each book, one notices that in both books the motivation for colonization revolves around the gaining of wealth. However Conrad and Achebe define wealth differently. In Heart of DarknessRead MoreTheme Of Racism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1008 Words   |  5 Pagesthoughts and changing their words so that they seem like normal comments. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the main character, Marlow, journeys the Congo and describes what he sees. In a response to Heart of Darkness, Chinua Achebe wrote â€Å"‘An Image of Africa’: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness†. Here, he explains his views on what Conrad wrote and what he thinks it means. One of Achebe’s famous novels was Things Fall Apart, based in a village in Africa. The story is about a man, Okonkwo, who isRead MoreEssay on Images of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart2228 Words   |  9 PagesImages of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman.   Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respect

Why Gay Marriage Is Good For Straight America By Andrew...

After consciously reading both pieces of writing, â€Å"Why Gay Marriage is Good for Straight America† by Andrew Sullivan and Family Values by Richard Rodriguez, the first author has more compelling language than Rodriguez, which helps people fully understand the different processes of being accepted. Even though Sullivan and Rodriguez have different backgrounds, their families support them both. Andrew Sullivan proved that his family was more than willing to accept his love for another man by saying, â€Å"And when we finally got married, a few years later and our mothers walked us down the makeshift garden aisle, and my sister gave the reading through tears [†¦] â€Å"my father put his arms around me and hugged, I did not hear civilization crumble.† (254) When Sullivan’s parents showed they were proud and happy for him, it was all he needed. This proved to me that there are parents out there who continue to support their child even when others believe that homosexuals should not have the right to love. Similarly, Rodriguez believed his parents showed acceptance when he says, â€Å"My mother has seen me and she waves me in. [†¦] (Have they, after all, known my secret for years and kept it, out of embarrassment, not knowing what to say?) Families accept often by silence. My father opens the door to welcome me in. Even though Rodriguez’ family is more conservative; they also accepted his sexuality. I believe this similarity is important because it gives relief to young adults who are thinkingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Andrew Sullivan s Article Why Gay Marriage Is Good For Straight America 1621 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Sullivan is the author of an article â€Å"Why Gay Marriage is Good for Straight America.† He is an experienced publicist, and he is homosexual. Sullivan argues that every person has the right to get married disregarding his or her orientation. Richard Rodriguez who is also a famous publicist composed â€Å"Family Values.† Like Sullivan, he is homosexual and he discusses it in his work. Rodriguez and Sullivan share many viewpoints related to homosexuality, but they disagree about the appropriatenessRead MoreAn American Childhood By Annie Dillard1392 Words   |  6 Pageshas been the issue o f gay marriages. Whereas it was a taboo for gay couples to declare their relationship status openly in public, today the situation is different as is evident with the two texts under discussions. The story titled An American Childhood by Annie Dillard depicts gender roles in the 1950s America while the article by Andrew Sullivan titled â€Å"Why Gay Marriages are Good for Straight America† expounds on the issue of gay rights and freedom of modern day America. Dillard uses the characterRead MoreEssay on Gay Marriage 1616 Words   |  7 Pages Gay marriage is a very talked about topic in are country that shouldn’t be ignored. I believe men and women should be able to love freely and not be shamed by it. Marriage is a great factor in the United States. To some people it’s what we live for; is to get married and start a family. To not give everyone the same opportunity to have a happy marriage and family is unlike us. This problem is bringing a lot of hate, the same hate that was used in racial discrimination so why not give gays equalRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead More The Battle Over Same-Sex Marriage Essay2181 Words   |  9 Pages Same-sex marriage has grown into to a national issue. In 2003, the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples had the right to marry which provoked a firestorm of debate. The discussion extends from private livings rooms and local watering holes; all the way to the floor of the U.S. Congress and the White House. The debate about same-sex marriage has become a hot button issue, which pits secular-progressives who support gay-rights against religious and social traditionalistsRead MoreA Refutation of an Argument by William J Bennett on Recognizing Same-Sex Marriage1749 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿REFUTATION OF ARGUMENT AGAINST GAY MARRIAGE In a remarkable article that appeared in the Washington Post, William J. Bennett argued that recognizing same-sex marriage would be detrimental to the concept of marriage and to the nation. The only thing more remarkable than the logical fallacies relied upon in the article was the fact that the author was the former Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities and Secretary of Education in the Reagan administration and Director of the OfficeRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship8330 Words   |  34 PagesSame-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship Brittney Baker Key words, names, terms, concepts: California s Proposition 8, Prop 8; morals legislation; same-sex marriage, gay marriage; religion, religion and politics; separation of church and state; police powers; equal citizenship, equality; 2008 election. Introduction and Thesis The debate over same-sex marriage has been a prominent issue in our society over many years now, appearing in several ballot initiatives such as CaliforniaRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesclassic cases on the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis for class discussion and not as an illustration of either good or bad management practice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive collection of teaching material. They have been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases which, together, cover most of the main issues in the textRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesreproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 20 11, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopyingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesappear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

Factors That Contributed The Civil War - 865 Words

Factors that Contributed to the Civil War Before the Civil War occurred in 1861 the North and South had major differences that would create factors leading to the war. For example the North originated as a religious safe haven while the South was all about producing goods so they had very different ideas of what life should be like. These different ideas lead to disagreements later down the road regarding methods of labor, decisions for new land and who they thought should govern them. All of these became factors that led to the Civil War. To begin with, the North and the South had very different starting points. When the South came to settle in Jamestown they came to work and make money (Lecture, â€Å"Southern Colonies†). They grew accustom to using slaves as a way to get all the work done and to avoid spending money on hired workers. On the other hand when the South came to settle their â€Å"City Upon a Hill† it was to escape England because, over there, they didnâ €™t approve of them being Puritans (Lecture, â€Å"Northern Colonies†). They came to practice their religion freely and did all the labor work they needed on their own without the use of slaves. In general the North seemed the get along with others a lot better than the South, being able to befriend the local Indians while the South couldn’t (Lecture, â€Å"Northern Colonies†). It appears that these early relations influenced the North since they still had the better social skills out of the two. All of these early differences inShow MoreRelatedCivil War Essay: The Major Contributing Factors to the Civil War888 Words   |  3 Pagesblame as the cause of the civil war the issue of slavery. This is understandable; many people in the U.S. at the time were against slavery, going to far as to help runaway slaves escape to the free north. But, while slavery at face value was a major factor, international politics and economics played a major role. Several factors , including the election of Lincoln, the raid on Harper s Ferry, the Dred Scott decision, and, most importantly, the fugitive slave law, contributed to the growing rift betweenRead MoreEssay about Analyzing the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War727 Words   |  3 PagesAnalyzing the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War In order to validate the statement, â€Å"The years from 1952 to 1975 in U.S. history were marked by tremendous political and social turmoil that led to major changes in American society,† one would have to evaluate the role played by the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War in bringing about and contributing to those changes. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate whether or not the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights Movement indeed contributedRead MoreOverview of American History Since Civil War1235 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican History since Civil War Name Professor Institution Course Date American History since Civil War Identify at least two (2) major historical turning points in the period under discussion. There are several historical turning points in the History of the United States of America since the aspect of the civil war. One of the essential historical turning points is the end of the cold war in 1989 thus falling of the Berlin war. Another historical turning point is the aspect of the digitalRead MoreHow Far Do You Agree That Trotsky’s Leadership of the Red Army Was Responsible for the Survival of the Bolshevik Government? (30 Marks)1454 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment? (30 marks) There were many factors that contributed to the survival of the Bolshevik Government, ranging from Trotsky’s leadership of the Red Army to the failings of the Bolsheviks’ rivals for power. This essay shows that the main reason for the Bolsheviks’ continued survival through the period was not Trotsky’s great leadership of the Red Army, but the opposition’s mistakes and failings. This will be demonstrated by analysing the key factors leading to the survival of the BolshevikRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On The United States1390 Words   |  6 Pagesamassed, outrage and emphasis for the morality of slavery caused outbreaks of rebellions and violence. Tolerance for slavery was not the only singular cause of the Civil War. Profusions of both short and long term causes contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War. The introduction of slavery had an ingrained impact, as the Mexican-American War significantly lead to tension, and Lincoln’s election sparked disunion between the nation. Four centuries ago from 1619 to 1861, the practice of slavery existedRead MoreAmerican Civil War and Religion Essay1155 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the important subjects during the civil war was Religion even though it received minor attention until recent years. Historians have considered civil war an important story of war; however, religion rose as an important factor with many publications. For example â€Å"Religion and the American Civil War† is a collection of essays and poems by various writers (Harry S. Stout, George Reagan Wilson, etc.1) A survey of the civil war history from around 1970 to the present provides a very extensiveRead MoreWho Is The American Civil War?1245 Words   |  5 Pagesthe American Civil War, their first thought is usually about how the Union and Confederacy fought over whether man should or should not have the right to own slaves. While this issue was the main cause and the biggest factor that led to the American Civil War, it is not the only cause or factor. In Jeffery Dixon’s article, What Causes Civil Wars? There are two other big issue that cause counties to go war against each other. Those two other issues are; economy and geography. Civil Wars are fought overRead MoreThe Strengths And Causes Of The American Civil War1394 Words   |  6 PagesFinal In this paper I will elaborate on reasons for why the Civil War happened between the North and the South. Overall it was a power struggle between the two to outline the country the and states the ways that they wanted it. Main reasons I have found which we will expand upon would be state rights, territorial expansions, slavery, Abraham Lincoln’s election, the Dred Scott decision, and industrialization. As you can imagine these are all issues which can and did have a big impact onRead MoreFighting For Peace By The Civil War1581 Words   |  7 Pagesover the world are united against all kinds of war. Peace therefore entails the absence of civil disturbance and the freedom to maintain the sovereignty status of a given country (Burdekin, 2000). A case in point involves the study of the American civil war that was fought between the Confederacy and the Union. Crucially, the paper explains why the Union was better prepared and well equipped for the lengthy war as oppos ed to the confederacy. The civil war left the nation undivided but eventually resolvedRead MoreThe Civil War995 Words   |  4 PagesThere were many different events that contributed to the start of the Civil War. The Civil war was one based on people and slave rights. It was a compilation of confrontations regarding the institution of slavery. It was a long-standing war where many such as President Lincoln strongly intervened. There were three events, however, that I believe were the most important events leading to the Civil War. These events included The Missouri Compromise of 1820, The Compromise of 1850, and Uncle Tom’s

Customer Service Excellence - 4474 Words

CUSTOMER SERVICE EXCELLENCE Today’s customers are more aware and empowered, and have more bargaining power due to the exponential increase in competition – direct, indirect or substitute. In retailing, they want hassle-free shopping, have less time at their disposal to locate the shop and the merchandise and are reluctant to keep waiting. The modern format retail stores are doing their best to anticipate the customer’s demands and are going all out to redesign their store interiors, offer more choices in varieties and assortments, and are giving as many services as feasible. Service firms are increasingly using customer service to develop sustainable competitive advantage – through value generation as well as differentiation. This†¦show more content†¦The model is indicative for the service marketer of the requirements for providing high quality service. †¢ Knowledge gap – This is the difference between customer expectations and the service firm’s perception of the customer’s expectations, needs etc. †¢ Standards gap – This indicates the difference between the service provider’s perception of the customer’s expectations and the customer service standards it set. †¢ Delivery gap – This is the difference between the firm’s service standards and the actual service provided to customers. †¢ Communication gap – This is the difference between the actual service provided to customers and the service promised in the firm’s promotions and external communications. According to the model, the four gaps add up to the service gap. It implies that a method to reduce the service gap could be to reduce the four gaps, called the company gap. Knowledge Gap Standards Gap Service Gap Deliver Gap Communication Gap Source : Adapted from A. Parasuraman, Valerie Zeithaml, and Leonard Berry, â€Å"A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research,† Journal of Marketing, 49 (Fall 1985)Show MoreRelatedService Excellence and Customer Satisfaction616 Words   |  2 PagesService excellence is when a customer leaves a business happy. Good service is when something is done for you correctly in a timely, pleasant, hassle-free manner. Excellent customer service to me is being attentive to the customer’s needs, smile, and call other stores, being personable and upbeat, going the extra mile, and ALWAYS asking the customer questions. Servicing customers. Like helping. And interacting with the customers. 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The materials that appear in this book, other than those quoted from prior sources, may be reproduced for educational/training activities. There is no requirement to obtain special permission for such uses. We do, however, ask that the following statement appear on all reproductions: Reproduced from 25 Reproducible Activities for Customer Service Excellence, by PeterRead MoreCommunicating With Customers : A Blueprint For Service Excellence3004 Words   |  13 PagesCommunicating with Customers: A Blueprint for Service Excellence! Course Objectives The steps we will outline in this course are designed to provide a blueprint of sorts to achieve service excellence in any business. Although written for customer service representatives, this course will benefit anyone who serves customers of any type. We will review the most common causes of customer dissatisfaction and provide you with specific solutions to provide the best possible service to your most valuableRead MoreSample Resume : Customer Service Excellence Course1834 Words   |  8 Pageslearning@cciwa.com Subject: Customer Service Excellence Course Dear Sir I looking forward customer service improvement course a short course for training staffs of organisation. Please inform me If you have the training course and identify of starting date, time, location and the training costs you charge for per person? I hope your contact me as soon as Best Regard, Part D: Report Summary of meeting 1. Staff training need †¢ Increase motivation and engagement Yuko cause customer service has a big impactRead MoreNetjets -Customer Service Excellence. Ncfe Lovel 32305 Words   |  10 PagesNCFE Level 3 Customer Service Excellence UNIT 1 Task 1 Why Is Service Excellence Important To Your Organisation? Netjets is a worldwide network of shared aircraft. This is defined as fractional ownership. Customers make a large investment in a share of a private jet. In relation to the size of their share, they receive a number of hours flying per year, and they own that asset, the value of which can go up or down. The customer is also liable for management fees and an occupied hourly flyingRead MoreExcellence in Customer Service Organisations Often Fail to Get Close to Their Customers and Correctly Read Their Expectations2172 Words   |  9 PagesBSBCUS501C Work Related Project Question 1 Excellence in customer service is the objective of all organisations wishing to be successful. However, there is often a gap between customer expectations and management perceptions of customer expectations. Organisations often fail to get close to their customers and correctly read their expectations. Other reasons for customer service problems include: * not listening to or collecting information from customers * poor, or no, focus on the actualRead MoreAutomotive Technician Needing Computer Based Training1366 Words   |  6 Pageshiring and training automotive technicians. It is a partnership of highs schools and colleges with dealers all around the country to fulfill the many open service positions by preparing students for entry level positions at dealerships. (Gater) One of the major benefits of this program is you get real life work experience by listening to customers and working on their cars, with a mentor by your side, and you get to have an 8 week paid summer. The next step in the education process isRead MoreHow Companies Target Specific Customers1110 Words   |  4 Pagesin attracting the right customers by differentiating themselves from competition. Customer value proposition (CVP) is the essence of that strategy (Noreen, Brewer, Garrison, 2014) which helps the company to deliver value aligned with the organizations strategy to its targeted customers. Customers therefore infer that product as high value while purchasing and perceives that this value creates a reason for him or her to choose it over a competitor in the industry. Customer Value proposition statesRead MoreLatest Technology Used Today s Customer Service Operations Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesLatest technology used in today’s customer service operations. 1. AnswerHub: AnswerHub provides the required portal community platform forms of self-service to its clients and the knowledge-based Q A. It allows customers to easily ask questions to experts, in the efficient way, and the only place to find the answer. Features like the quick resolution idea, individualisation and analysis of community involvement and help customers with the ability to improve. Company can use this software to improve

Project Development and Optimisation System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Development and Optimisation System. Answer: Introduction In undertaking the Central Library Renovation project, a decision must be made in order to ensure the best value for money as well as improving the functionality and services provided at the library. In determining if the inclusion of a childrens library in the central library, the team has to decide on how to undertake the project, the feasibility of the project, and employ projct management principles, taking into consideration te principles of cost driven optimization of project design, and use accounting principles to determine the value of the project before making a decision. Deciding on a project is usually motivated by a need, and importantly, the evalutaion of available alternatives, before deciding to undertake a project. This entials a feasibility study and comparison with other competing or possible projects: once this is done, a decision is reached and the project executed. In this paper, the proposed renovation of the Central Library is undertaken, employing team decisi on making principles to determine if the proposed project is the right one. The problem will be solved collaboratively, employing team principles, accounting principles, and project management principles. The problem will be approached by evluating other laternative projects, in this case whther to introduce a kids section at the library, upgrade the furniture, or upgrade the computer/ IT system at the library. The evaluation will be done using accounting principles and economic concepts as well as a feasibility stuudy, bfore deciding, based on the analysis, the best project to undertake in renovating the library The possible projects to be undertaken at the library include the introduction of a kidds section, upgrading furniture, or upgrading the library computer system. Upgrading the computers is a good and refreshing idea; it will ensure fast and seamless operations that take advantage of advancements in information technology, as well as give users an improved experience,and providing information in a variety of mediums (Andrews Wright, 2015). Upgrading furniture is also a good improvement project aimed at ensuring comfort and ergonomics for library users and to give the library a nice feel. The Central library has been around a long time and a tchnology and furniture refresh and upgrade would be good improvements. Introducing a childrens section will also be a smart idea, given that it will enhance the reading culture among children and give parents options on keeping children busy, especially during holidays. Most Australian paents with children encourage them to read ('Australian Coun cil for the Arts', 2017). Further, many Australian children still struggle with reading, according to an international survey on year four students done in 2016 at 286 schools, with 6341 students participating in the survey (Buckingham, 2016). However, to decide on the best project among the three, a critical analysis ad evaluation needs to be undertaken. Cost-Driven Project Design Optimization Renovation projects incurr costs; these costs must be taken into consideration, Vis a Vis the envisaged benefits from the renovation project, as such, costing plays a very important role in decision making (Freedman, 2018). Some of the methods to use in cost driven project design optimization include accurate budgeting and capital asset pricing models. One of the biggest problems faced by managers is budgeting; ofetn, either the budget is excedded r underutilized by a significant margin (Lefevre, 2011). Apart from budgeting, othr aspects of fincnace and costs as well as cost benefits must be taken into considration in deciding on what project to undertake; this, therefore, requires an effective and integrated project cost management. Cost management entails the plannig, estimation, budgeting, and cost control processes so projects are completed within approved budgets (Lee, 2006). The increased demands placed on projects can result in catastrophic failure of projects, apart from resu lting in a project that has little or no value in the context of its benefits and resource usage. The main concern of projects is in creating value and the basis for this is through the optimization of the project. Knowing factors that make a project valuable for an organization enables the decision and implemengtation teams to increase gains from the project while at the same time, also reducing risks associated wth the project (Obaidat, O?ren Merkuryev, 2017). Projects must be appraissed in the context of their impact and place in future strategies of organizations. The scope of the project must be aligned with the strategy of the organization as well (Harrison, 2014). The design synthesis for the renovation project must be integrated in the early stages to determine the best project, taking into consideration the costs involved in alternatives (Park Chen, 2014). The evaluation will be undertaken based on asset capital budgeting model, which is a model used in determining an appropriate theoretical required rate of return and in making decisions on investments and project undertakings. Capital budgeting is a process by which the potential expenses and/ or investments for large projects are evaluated and determined and it entails evaluating the cash inflows and outflows for the project. Doing this helps determine is the potential retuns in undertaking the project meet the investment appraisal, in order to justify the project or choose between different competing projects (Levy, 2011). The CAPM model will be used in determining the net Present Value (NPV) of the project in which the difference between the present cash inflow value and the present cash outflow value over a given time period is determined (Gallo, 2014). In determining the NPV for the projets, estimations, through budgeting, will be made on the cost of undertaking the projects based on the work packages involved in the projets, as wel as their expected returns. The NPV will is determined alongside the Internal rate of return (IRR); IRR refers to the rate at which the NPV of all cash flows in a project, be they negative or positive, equate to zero. It is also a useful tool for evaluating investments and projects on its attractiveness. Te general rule is that the IRR of a project must exceed the required rate of return to make it attractive; IRRs that fall below the required rate of return mean the project should be rejected ('Corporate Finance Institute', 2018). The work packages for the project, with teir estimated busgets are shown below; Alternative projects and their projected Costs Computer Upgrading Furniture Improvement Introducing a Children Section Activity Cost in $ Activity Cost in $ Activity Cost in $ System Analysis 15000 Analysis and interior re-design 50000 Analysis and interior re-design 30000 Designing new IT Infrastructure 50000 Purchasing Furniture 240000 Purchasing Furniture 160000 Purchase and installation of equipment 200000 Labor 40000 Purchasing suitable books 150000 Labor 50000 Miscellaneous 5000 Labor 40000 Miscellaneous 5000 Miscellaneous 5000 Total 320000 Total 335000 Total 385000 The estimation technie used is factoresimation in which historical data, and is based on a limited project scope. This method uses the rule of thumb in addition to parametric models (Akintoye, 2000) Project Feasibility Study The project will be undertaken using project management principles, including in the feasibility studynand analysis, from which a feasibility report is generated. The feasibility study analyzes how successfully a project can be undertaken to completion, and in the process accounting for factors can affect the project, including economic, legal, technological, and scheduling factors. The feasibility study helps determine the possible negative and positive outcomes of a project before investing resources and time as well as money into the project (Munsaka, 2013). In undertaking the feasibility assessment, a fous step model is followed. The firts step acording to the four step method is examining the market and the general external environment; this is important in determining whether the project wil have benefits, and if the benefits will be taken up by customers/ the general public. This phase of the feasibility study needs to give a ralistic picture of the possibility of getting suff icient number of customers/ adopters to use the value generated from the renovation, and if they will be satisfied by it. The second step is an evaluation of the project technical requirements in order to determine the resource and related requirements for the project, including personnel, finance,and technical equipment. The next step entails determining the potential benefits of the renovation, including the financial benefits, for instance, will upgraded computers result in faster services and therefore, increase subscriptions? Will upgrading the furniture make the library more attractive to new members? Will adding a childrens center increase the number of members to the library and its paid users? Based on these analyses and the financial projections, a decision is then made on the most feasible project to undertake. The feasibility study starts by describing the service/ product to be offfered and their delivery method. A market feasibility is also undertaken along with a technical feasibility and a financial feasibility. An organizational easibility is also done. The technical feasibility describes how the porduct/ service will be delivered, incuding materials, labor, and technology needs (this is already done in Table I) above. The financial feasibility is done by projecting the required start up capital to execute the project and the expected returns; the required financing is alrady covered in table I; however, the expected returns from the various projects stil need to be undertaken. Project Financial Analysis The financial analysis will be done based on the capital budgeting model, with the net present value of the project determined. The NPV for computer upgrading will be based on the charges for using computers and revenues from that; the furniture upgrade will be based on revenues such as from hiring the venue, while in setting up a childrens section, the NPV will be based on merchandise revenues for the library. Further, a weighted analysis will be undertaken, taking into consideration other factors such as social impact, academic impact, and value added to the library and society, in additio to the financial analysis to help determine the best project to undertake. Based on annual reports for 2016/2017, a library of the size of Central Library earns revenue mainly from merchandise (of books, prints, State Library merchandise, and other sources, such as stationery, cards, fines, and gifts). For the 2016/2017 year, the revenues from these sources was $ 581708. addind a children library will create a new type of demand hat should increase the revenues from merchandise by 20%. This should increase annually on average by 10% (note that thee are some of the assumptions made in this project). The furniture should make the venue more attarctive and raise revenues for event hire and events revenues by 12% and should grow by 7.5% annually; for the 2016/2017 year, these revenues were $ 472278. The computers use will marginally increase revenues by about 5% of the venue hire and events revenues and will grow by 5% every year. Based on these figures, the NPV for each of the projects can be computed based on projected future cash flows; the NPV is computed for the next four years. In using the budgeting model for NPV, the future cash flows are estimated and then computed at present value. The future cash flows for the different projects are determined based on projected growth in revenues from each of the projects, and their projected annual growth. The discount rate is determined by using the central bank interest rate; this is the Reserve bank of Australia rate for lending money to commericla banking institutions; at present, this rate is set at 1.5% (White, 2018), which is wh at is used. The calculations for NPV and IRR were done in a spreadsheet and the results found shown below; Based on the findings above, from a financial perspective, the renovation project involving adding a chldrens section to the Central Library is the most feasible. Other aspects of social and educational impacts are also considered and weighted as shown below; The projects to be considered for the renovation of the Central Library are a computer system upgrade, improving the existing furniture, and adding a childrens corner. Evaluating the social impacts of the three projects, a computer upgrade will result in better services such as speed and efficiency, as well as a rich user experience. Further, it will enhance educatio throug efficiency and benefits of using IT. On the financal perspective, the project has a negative NPV of minus (-) $ 199311.53, with the IRR also being negative at -28.73%. This makes it the least feasible project; while it costs the least to execute, its benefits and economic impact is minus. For the furniture project, this improvemnt will result in greater bookings of the venue, and create a good ambience as well as more comfortable seating and reading infrastructure for library users. On an education perspective, these benefits are minimal, except for ergonomics. From the economic perspective, the furniture project alos has a negative NPV of - $ 129566, while its IRR is also a minus at -15.41%, meaning it has absolutely no economic value. The addition of a childrens corner will have immense educational benefits because it will enhance reading skills and introduce the much needed reading culture among Australian children (Buckingham, 2016). From a social perspective, the addition of the childrens section will encourage more parents to also visit the library and probably adopt a better reading culture as well; this has a highly positive effect in that it will enciurage the children to also adopt reading habits while helping parents improve and engage in enriching acts of reading (Gaiman, 2013). On the economics perspective, adding a childrens section is a good investment because it has a positive NPV of $ 53682, and a positive IRR as well of 6.74%. using these analyses in the weighting, the addition of a childrens section is a good project and should be proceeded with in renovating the Central Library. Conclusion The decison making for this project was team based and were made based on the principles of collaborative decision making. These pirnciples include being purpose driven; the purpose was to determine the best project to execute. It was an inclusive affair with everyone making a contribution; furthr, decisions were made on the basis of flexibility, accounatbility, and voluntarily, based on a time schedule. Based on the feasibility and financial analysis, and the tenets of project design optimization, the chosen project is adding a childrens section at the central Library; it is a beneficial project in the context of education and social perspectives, apart from being economically sound. References Akintoye, A. (2000). Analysis of factors influencing project cost estimating practice. Construction Management And Economics, 18(1), 77-89. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014461900370979 Andrews, C., Wright, S. (2015). Library Learning Spaces: Investigating Libraries and Investing in Student Feedback (1st ed., pp. 467-475). Chicago: American Library Association. Retrieved from https://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/conferences/.../Andrews_Wright.pdf 'Australian Council for the Arts'. (2017). Revealing Reading: A Survey of Australian Reading Habits | Australia Council. Australiacouncil.gov.au. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from https://www.australiacouncil.gov.au/news/media-centre/media-releases/revealing-reading-a- survey-of-australian-reading-habits/ Buckingham, J. (2016). International study shows many Australian children are still struggling with reading. The Conversation. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from https://theconversation.com/international-study-shows-many-australian-children-are-still- struggling-with-reading-88646 'Corporate Finance Institute'. (2018). Internal Rate of Return (IRR) - A Guide for Financial Analysts. Corporate Finance Institute. Retrieved 10 April 2018, from https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/internal-rate-return-irr/ Freedman, J. (2018). Importance of Costing in Managerial Decision Making. Yourbusiness.azcentral.com. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/importance-costing-managerial-decision-making- 17281.html Gallo, A. (2014). A Refresher on Net Present Value. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from https://hbr.org/2014/11/a-refresher-on-net-present-value Harrison, R. (2014). Project Management Procedures Needed to Design the Newest Four Phosphoric Acid Evaporators in North America. Procedia Engineering, 83(2), 462-468. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.09.079 Lee, B. (2006). Project budgeting using the project management knowledge areas. Pmi.org. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/project-budgeting- management-knowledge-areas-8132 Lefevre, K. (2011). Why do projects tend to exceed rather than come in within their budgets? What can I do about this?. Pm4all.be. Retrieved 9 April 2018, from https://www.pm4all.be/Content/En/Resources/Blogs/Blogs.aspx?Id=1 Levy., H. (2011). The Capital Asset Pricing Model in the 21st Century: Analytical, Empirical, and Behavioral Perspectives (1st ed., pp. 1, 7). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Munsaka, T. (2013). The Importance of Project Feasibility Study: With practical examples (pp. 5-6). Nordestedt, GERMANY: GRIN Verlag. Obaidat, M., O?ren, T., Merkuryev, Y. (2017). Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. Cham: Springer. Park, H., Chen, J. (2014). A Cost Driven Design Optimization Framework (pp. 957-958). Hong Kong: The Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia. Retrieved from https://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/caadria2014_522.content.pdf White, E. (2018). Reserve Bank of Australia holds interest rates at 1.5%. Ft.com. Retrieved 10 April 2018, from https://www.ft.com/content/8f5c390c-0ae9-11e8-8eb7-42f857ea9f09

Benzene and Activating Group free essay sample

In the mechanism, the alkene in the benzene ring attacks the Br2 group leaving a carbocation intermediate and a bromine anion. The Br2 was in an HBr solution, which used as a catalyst similar to FeBr3. The bromine anion then deprotonated a beta hydrogen, forming HBr and a benzene ring with the activating substituent and bromine. This reaction could be repeated up to two more times based on the strength of the orthro/para directing group. As a result, there were many possible different products when the aromatic compounds underwent bromination. For aniline, the prediction was that the product would be 2,4,6-tribromoaniline because anime was a very strong activating group that reacted strongly with halogenations reactions in general. For phenol, the hydroxy group was also a ring activating and electron donating group. A disubstituted bromine product was predicted because the hydroxy group was not as powerful as the amide. Anisole also had an activating group in a methoxy group and the prediction was from the anisole bromination reaction would be a disubstituted product. We will write a custom essay sample on Benzene and Activating Group or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lastly, for acetamide, the amide group was considered to be not a strong activating group compared to the anime, hydroxy, and methoxy groups because of the fact that the electrons were not localized in the amide due to resonance. As a result, this reduced the activation of the benzene ring and the predicted product was 4-bromoacetanilide. Mechanism (for acetanilide): Results: Compound| Melting Tempeature (degrees Celsius)| Product (g)| Anisole| N/A| oil| Aniline| 119-120; 116-117 | 0. 116g; 0. 010g| Phenol| N/A; 36-51| 0. 325; 0. 007| Acetanilide| 166-168; 156-162| 0. 140g; 0. 111g| Calculations are posted at the back Reaction| Limiting Reagant| Actual Yield| Percent Yield:| Acetanilide| Acetanilide| 0. 140g| 65. 4 %| Discussion:The reaction that was done in lab was the bromination of acetamide. Overall, the reaction was pretty efficient as the percent yield of the reaction was 65%. Due to using a 10% v/v bromine solution, there was 0. 15 ml (0. 02 mol) of bromine in 1. 5 ml of the solution. Compared about 0. 135 g of acetamide used (0. 01 mol), there was an excess of bromine to react with the acetamide. As a result, there may have been not enough acetamide to react with bromine. The product also appeared to be somewhat water soluable, which reduced the efficiency. Also, the reactions done by the other groups had similar results or inefficient reactions that had small yields. Based on the melting point measurements in lab, the rankings in terms of reactivity were aniline, phenol, anisole, and acetamide. As predicted before, aniline was ranked as the most reactive because the product was 2,4,6-tribromoaniline, which had a melting point of 119-120 Â °C. The second most reactive aromatic compound was phenol with products 2,4 and 2,6 dibromophenol at 36 to 51 Â °C. The hydroxy group was a good activating group, but not strong enough to activate the benzene ring for a third bromination due to the deactivating effects of the added benzylic bromine. The third most reactive compound was anisole with an oil and possible products for this reaction could be 2 or 4 or 2,6 bromoanisole. Based on this reactivity, the methoxy group had steric bulk and the oxygen in the methoxy preferred to stabilize adjacent bromines. The least reactive compound was acetamide, with a product of 4-bromoacetanilide. The amide group in acetanilide was bulky, so preferring the ortho position would mean a more stable product with less steric interaction. Overall, the predictions in the theory matched besides the anisole. The results make sense because as the reactivity decreases, it was down to factors such as electron delocalization due to resonance, steric bulk, and bromine being a deactivator to the benzene ring. Sources of Errors: Sources of errors may result from not crashing the reaction with enough water and sodium bisulfite and not rinsing the product with water during vacuum filtration. Conclusion: The product obtained in the reaction was 4-bromoacetanilide and the order of reactivity of bromination was determined. Calculations: Mol of Bromine: 10% v/v = (0. 15 mL Br2) x (3. 11 g/mL) x (159. 81 g/mol) = 0. 003 mol Br2 Mol of Acetanilide: (0. 135g acetanilide) x (1 mol/135. 17 g) = 0. 001 mol acetanilide Acetanilide is Limiting Reagant. Theoretical Yield: (0. 135g acetanilide) x (1 mol acetanilide/135. 17 g) x (1 mol 4-bromoacetanilide/1 acetanilide) x (215. 07 g/1 mol 4-bromoacetanilide) = 0. 215g Percent Yield: . 140g/ 0. 215g= 65. 1%

Lifting the corporate veil free essay sample

The recognition that a company is a separate legal entity distinct from its shareholders is often expressed as the â€Å"veil of incorporation†. General principle, once a company is incorporated, the courts usually do not look behind the veil to inquire why the company was or who really controls it. However in certain situations, the court will ignore the separate legal personality of a company and look to the members/controllers of the company is â€Å"lifting the veil†. This would involve treating the right or liabilities or activities of the company as the rights or liabilities or activities of its shareholders, for example treating the business od a company as that of its principal shareholder. Lifting the corporate veil is something expressly authorised by statute (statutory exceptions) and something it is adopted by the courts (judicial exception). STATUTORY EXCEPTIONS -When members become less than 2. Companies Act 1956 states that â€Å"if at any remaining member has 6 months to find another member, after which the court will lift the corporate veil and hold the sole member liable for all debts of the company† Exceptions in this case: (a) If the sole member was not aware that he was the only remaining member; or (b) The sole member is a holding company owning the entire shares of the company concerned (a wholly owned company). We will write a custom essay sample on Lifting the corporate veil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If an officer of a company signs or issue or authorises the signing or issuance of certain instruments on behalf of the company, on which the company’s name does not appear properly -Section 121(2) Companies Act 1956 states that â€Å"such officer will be personally liable† The name of the company must appear in letters on all bill of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, negotiable instrument, endorsements and orders. If the name of the company is not properly mentioned on any of these documents, the person who signed or issued the document is liable to the holder of the document for the amount due, unless the company pays upon the instrument. -If the company carries on its business for a fraudulent purpose: Section 304(1) and (5) Companies Act 1956 states that â€Å"where any business of the company has been carried put with intent to defraud creditor of the company, the court may make the persons who were knowingly a party to the fraudulent trading may be personally liable for debt or other liabilities of the company†. At the time when a debt is contracted on behalf of a company, the officer of the company had no reasonable expectation that the company would be able to pay the debt: Section 303 (3) and 304(2) Companies Act 1956 states that â€Å"such officer will be personally liable†. In other word, that officer may be guilty of an offence and on conviction, he may be liable to pay of the whole or any part of the debt so contracted. -Transactions by a company which have the effect of avoiding or evading tax: Section 140(1) o Companies Act the Income Tax Act 1967 states that â€Å"give the right the Director-General of Inland Revenue to lift the corporate veil†

Writing Essay Topics For Your Essay

Writing Essay Topics For Your EssayIf you are looking for the best and worst college essay topics, it is time to wake up. The problem is that some topics are going to be better than others. However, there are some key things that you must remember to write your best and worst essay topics. So get out there and start writing!The first thing you have to do is know the things that will be included in your topics. You don't want to write an essay topic with all of the things that you had not researched. If you don't make sure that the items that you include in your essay topics are going to fit the scope of your assignment, then you are not going to get much out of it.Now that you know what your college essay topics are going to be, you should now go out and look around for topics that are going to be on top of the list. The best thing to do would be to simply pick a topic that you think you are most comfortable with. If you do this, then you are most likely going to have a much easier t ime writing a topic that is going to fit in with your entire subject.The next thing that you want to do when you are writing your best and worst college essay topics is to put a little bit of yourself into it. Some topics are going to be about personal information, while others are going to be about your personality. While you are writing this particular topic, you want to remember to include some of your own personal experience in your essay.When you are going to be putting together a topic about your personal experiences, be sure that you use the experiences that you have had as a way to put your thoughts into words. Don't try to overdo it with the personal information and then make it seem like you are trying to impress someone else. Make sure that itis a topic that you can write about as you see fit.The last thing that you want to do is to write in such a way that you can use your own experiences as a way to make you stand out from all of the other students. Also, this will allo w you to add some of your personal opinions about the topics that you are going to be writing about. Remember that one of the things that college professors look for is the things that you can contribute to the discussion and the ideas that you can offer about the subjects that you are going to be writing about.These are the three things that you need to remember when you are looking at the best and worst college essay topics. One, you need to remember to use your own experiences to help you put your thoughts into words, and two, you need to include your own personal opinions about the topics that you are going to be writing about. Remember that this is going to be about you, and it is going to be about you thinking out loud as you are writing.

The Principles of Possessives

The Principles of Possessives The Principles of Possessives The Principles of Possessives By Mark Nichol The rules about forming possessives can seem confusing, especially because forms differs according to which style manual a publication is following. But the primary styles are relatively simple. In this post, I will refer only to the two prevalent styles in mainstream publishing: that of the Associated Press Stylebook, the resource of record for American newspaper publishing, as well as some magazines, many websites, and various other forms of written communication, and The Chicago Manual of Style, the bible of American book publishing, as well as many general-circulation periodicals. Guides for certain academic and scholarly subjects may differ. AP Style Newspaper style is simple and minimalist: To form a possessive construction from a singular common noun, add an apostrophe and the letter s: â€Å"The girl’s hair is red.† However, if the noun ends in the letter s and the following noun begins with an s, add an apostrophe only: â€Å"The waitress’ smile was infectious.† Treat a proper noun the same as a singular common noun: â€Å"Jim’s car ran out of gas.† But if a proper noun ends in s, add an apostrophe only: â€Å"Lewis’ training regimen is impressive.† If a plural noun ends in s, use an apostrophe only: â€Å"Cats’ claws are retractable.† If the plural does not end in s, use an apostrophe and an s: â€Å"The men’s room is to the right.† If the possession applies jointly to two singular nouns, apply the apostrophe and s only to the latter noun: â€Å"Green eggs and ham’s popularity has declined.† (In this sense, â€Å"green eggs† is plural in construction but singular in meaning; it’s a menu item, not a grouping of eggs.) But if the two nouns are distinct, apply the appropriate possessive form for each noun to that noun: â€Å"My hat’s color and my shoes’ color match.† Chicago Style Book style is simultaneously more complex and more consistent: No exception is made depending on whether singular nouns preceding and following the apostrophe end and start with s, respectively: â€Å"The waitress’s smile was infectious.† (However, all plural nouns are treated the same as in AP style.) Some ambiguity occurs, though, with traditional expressions following the â€Å"for (blank) sake† form: When the noun ends in an s, an apostrophe alone is employed (â€Å"For goodness’ sake, put on some clothes!†), while expressions with singular nouns follow the normal style: â€Å"For expedience’s sake, I faxed the form.† Better yet, in this case, relax the expression: â€Å"For the sake of expedience, I faxed the form.† The primary difference in style between the two resources is that singular proper nouns are always followed by an apostrophe and an s, even if they end in s (or x or z). For plural forms of proper names, however, if the name ends in one of these letters, add an es and an apostrophe: â€Å"We saw the Thomases’ house.† Otherwise, add an s and an apostrophe only: â€Å"We found the Smiths’ cat.† In the most recent edition of the manual, the style for two special cases has changed: Words ending in an unpronounced s are treated the same as words with a normal s sound (â€Å"Dubois’s translation is better†), as are words ending in an -eez sound (â€Å"Xerxes’s defeat was definitive†). However, common nouns plural in form but singular in meaning take an apostrophe only: â€Å"Economics’ complexities are daunting.† The same is true of proper names: â€Å"The Rocky Mountains’ discovery by European explorers prompted exploitation of mineral and other natural resources.† However, many writers find these constructions awkward, and prefer to relax the constructions: â€Å"The complexities of economics complexities are daunting†; â€Å"The discovery of the Rocky Mountains by European explorers prompted exploitation of mineral and other natural resources.† The distinction in AP style between joint possession and separate possession (see the last paragraph in the previous section) also applies to Chicago style. Some other special cases include possessives with the genitive form (â€Å"Three hours’ delay made all the difference†); a possessive form of a phrase that appears attributive (â€Å"The farmers’ market has a wide selection of tomatoes,† but â€Å"I have a Diners Club card†); and plurals of publication and composition titles. In the case of such titles, if it is italicized, add an apostrophe and an s (â€Å"I read the New Yorker’s article about it,† but, because the following title ends in an s, â€Å"The New York Times’ editorial supports the bill.†) If quotation marks are called for, relax the construction: â€Å"The first line of ‘My Life in Verse’ appropriately describes her birth,† rather than â€Å"‘My Life in Verse’’s first line appropriately describes her birth.†) Possessives followed by a gerund a present participle (a type of verb ending in -ing) acting as a noun should use an apostrophe and an s if singular (â€Å"The doctor’s telling of the story was interrupted†) and an apostrophe alone if plural (â€Å"Doctors’ taking on of more responsibility are a factor†). It might be better, however, to revise the sentence in such cases: â€Å"The doctor’s account of the story was interrupted†; â€Å"Quality of care is affected when doctors take on more responsibility.† Also, this grammatical structure should not be confused with the similar participle form, which is not possessive: â€Å"Doctors taking on more responsibility are likely to offer a lower quality of care.† The apostrophe is optional when a noun (or a pronoun) follows a preposition: â€Å"They thought of their friends moving away as a personal affront† could also be rendered â€Å"They thought of their friends’ moving away as a personal affront,† where moving refers to an act of moving that â€Å"belongs† to their friends. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases15 Types of DocumentsPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism